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<p dir="ltr" style="text-align:justify">Abu ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. al-Nuʿmān al-ʿUkbarī al-Baghdādī (Arabic: <span dir="RTL">محمد بن محمد بن النُعمان العُکبَري البغدادي</span>) (b. 336/948 or 338/950 - d. 413/1022) known as al-Shaykh al-Mufīd (Arabic: <span dir="RTL">الشيخ المفيد</span>) was among the greatest Twelver Shi&#39;a scholars of the second half of the forth/tenth century and early fifth/eleventh century. He was among great revivers of Islamic sciences and among the hardworking preachers of Shi&#39;a culture and jurisprudence. It is said by compiling the principles of jurisprudence, he founded a new approach in ijtihad which was a middle way between two other approaches namely extreme rational approach and hadith-based approach without applying the intellect.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align:justify">Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Ibn Junayd al-Iskafi, and Ibn Qulawayh are among the greatest teachers of al-Shaykh al-Mufid. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, al-Sayyid al-Murtada, al-Sayyid al-Radi, and al-Najashi are his most famous students. His most important works are Al-Muqni&#39;a in jurisprudence, Awa&#39;il al-maqalat in theology, and al-Irshad in the history of Imams.</p>